Table 2 Biological functions and related molecular mechanisms of hnRNPA/B involved in different cancers.
Cancer type | HnRNPs | Phenotypic effects | Related genes | Molecular function | Signal pathway | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MM | hnRNPA1 | Glycolysis | NEK2, PKM | Binding mRNAs, regulating alternative splicing | - | [172] |
hnRNPA2/B1 | Proliferation | ILF3, AKT3 | Binding mRNAs and regulating targets | - | [86] | |
Glioblastoma | hnRNPA2/B1 | Growth | c-FLIP, BIN1, WWOX, RON | Regulating alternative splicing | - | [81] |
OSCC | hnRNPA1 | Proliferation, cell cycle | CLASP1, NEK11, NEK9, NRAS, RCC2, SEPT3, SEPT8 | Regulating G2/M related genes | - | [47] |
HNC | hnRNPA1 | Chemotherapy resistance | Exo-miR-196a | Exosome packaging | - | [62] |
hnRNPA2/B1 | Metastasis | MST1R | Regulating alternative splicing | Akt/PKB signaling pathway | [96] | |
PTC | hnRNPA1 | Proliferation, migration | miR-646 | Serving as a direct target of miRNAs | - | [173] |
LC | hnRNPA0 | Cell cycle, chemotherapy resistance | MK2, p27, Gadd45α | Stabilizing mRNAs | - | |
hnRNPA1 | Proliferation, invasion, migration | VRK1, EGF, SPSB1, Rac1, CD44, lncRNA SCIRT, miR-665, miR-149-5p | Binding mRNAs/miRNAs, regulating alternative splicing, modulating translation, exosome packaging | Ubiquitination pathway, EGF signaling pathway | ||
hnRNPA2/B1 | Proliferation, invasion, migration, apoptosis, drugs resistance | E-cadherin, ERK, p53, HDM2, Nm23-H1, Sp1, COX-2, p300, miR-106b-5p, miR-506, CDK6, miR-122-5p, LINC01234, miR-106b-5p, lncRNA H19, lncRNA CACNA1G-AS1 | Binding mRNAs/miRNAs/lncRNAs and regulating targets, mediating EMT, EVs packaging, | ERK, P53/HDM2, Akt and Wnt-β/catenin signaling pathway | ||
hnRNPA3 | Growth | EGFR, miR-200b | Modulating subcellular localization, serving as a target of miRNAs | - | ||
BC | hnRNPA1 | Proliferation, invasion, glycolysis | CEACAM1, CD44, PKM2, miRNA let-7a-5p, Stat3, lncRNA HYOU1-AS | Binding and regulating targets, regulating alternative splicing, | - | |
hnRNPA2/B1 | Proliferation, metastasis, therapy resistance | PFN2, lncRNA BC200, Bcl-x, STAT3, miR-29a-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-222-3p, miR-1266-5p, miR-1268a, miR-671-3p, BRCA1 | Binding mRNAs and regulating targets, mediating EMT, regulating alternative splicing | ERK-MAPK/Twist, GR-beta/TCF4, STAT3, WNT/TCF4, TGFβ and Akt signaling pathway | ||
ESCA | hnRNPA0 | Invasion, migration | lncRNA miR205HG, LIN28A | Binding lncRNAs, serving as a target of lncRNAs | - | [31] |
hnRNPA2/B1 | Proliferation | miR-17-92 | Regulating targets | - | [91] | |
GC | hnRNPA1 | Proliferation, invasion, migration, chemotherapy resistance | lncFERO, SCD1, lncRNA SNHG8, miR-522, USP7, miR-339, miR-490, lncRNA CCAT1 | Binding and regulating targets, mediating EMT, exosome packaging, serving as a target of miRNAs | - | |
hnRNPA2/B1 | Proliferation, metastasis, apoptosis, chemotherapy resistance | BIRC5 | Regulating alternative splicing | - | [98] | |
CRC | hnRNPA0 | Growth, cell cycle, apoptosis | RAB3GAP1, ZWINT1, | Promoting excessive mitosis, binding mRNAs | - | [28] |
hnRNPA1 | Proliferation, metastasis, apoptosis, glycolysis | miR-18a, CDK6, TRA2B, miR-27b-3p, STAT3, miR-339-5p, PKM2, miR-206, lncRNA SNHG6, ATG6, S6K2 | Binding mRNAs/miRNAs/lncRNAs, regulating alternative splicing, binding G4 structure, modulating transcription, exosome packaging, serving as a target of miRNAs | Autophagolysosomal degradation pathway, ERK/MAPK signaling pathway | ||
hnRNPA2/B1 | Growth, metastasis, chemotherapy resistance | lncRNA MIR100HG, TCF7L2, circMYH9, p53, lncRNA H19, Raf-1, miR-934, lncRNA RP11 | Binding mRNA/lncRNAs and regulating targets, exosome packaging | Wnt/β-catenin, Raf/ERK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway | ||
PC | hnRNPA1 | Invasion, migration, chemotherapy resistance | KRAS, PRMT3 | Binding mRNAs, binding G4 structure, | - | |
hnRNPA2/B1 | Proliferation, invasion, migration, apoptosis, chemotherapy resistance, glycolysis | KRAS, PI3K, E-cadherin, MMP-2, UCP2, GLUT1, PKM2, Linc01232, A-Raf, Fyn, Bcl-x | Binding mRNAs/lncRNAs and regulating targets, regulating alternative splicing, mediating EMT | PI3K/AKT/mTOR and A-Raf/ERK/MAPK/snail signaling pathway | ||
HCC | hnRNPA1 | Proliferation, migration | BC15 | - | - | [70] |
hnRNPA2/B1 | Proliferation, metastasis, apoptosis | miR-326, LncRNA-uc002mbe.2, Akt, p21, A-Raf | Binding lncRNAs, regulating alternative splicing, serving as a direct target of miRNAs | Raf-MEK-ERK signaling pathway | ||
PCa | hnRNPA1 | Growth, drug sensitivity | ARA54, lnc-OPHN1-5, AR | Binding mRNAs/lncRNAs and regulating targets | - | |
hnRNPA2/B1 | Proliferation, metastasis | miR-378a-3p, CTNNB1 | binding mRNA and regulating targets, EVs packaging | - | ||
OC | hnRNPA1 | Chemotherapy resistance | miR-15a-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-18a-3p, KRAS | Binding miRNAs, serving as a direct target of miRNAs | - | [66] |
hnRNPA2/B1 | Proliferation, metastasis, apoptosis, chemotherapy resistance | Lin28B, ISG15, ABCC2 | Binding mRNAs and regulating targets, modulating translation | - | ||
Cervical cancer | hnRNPA1 | Proliferation, invasion, migration | EGF, SPSB1, Rac1, HPV18, HPV16, p300 | Regulating alternative splicing, modulating translation | Ubiquitination pathway, EGF signaling pathway | |
hnRNPA2/B1 | Proliferation, cell cycle, invasion, apoptosis, chemotherapy sensitivity | PI3K, AKT, p21, p27 | Targeting signaling pathway | PI3K/AKT signaling pathway | [85] | |
ccRCC | hnRNPA1 | Proliferation, invasion, migration | CCDC50, ZNF395 | Regulating alternative splicing | - | [43] |
hnRNPA2/B1 | Proliferation, invasion, migration | VHLα, c-myc | Binding mRNAs and regulating targets, modulating translation | - | [94] | |
BCa | hnRNPA1 | Proliferation, invasion, migration, glycolysis | RBMX, PKM, lncRNA BCYRN1, WNT5A, CD46, lncRNA ELNAT1, | Binding mRNAs, regulating alternative splicing, modulating translation, EVs packaging | Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway | |
hnRNPA2/B1 | Metastasis | lncRNA LNMAT2 | Exosome packaging | - | [118] | |
Melanoma | hnRNPA1 | - | MELOE-1 | Binding mRNAs, modulating translation | - | [55] |
