Fig. 5: Effect of chemotherapy and/or probiotic treatment on gut microbiota alpha-diversity and taxonomic composition in BxPC-3 bearing mice.

Boxplots representing species-level richness expressed by Chao1 index (A) and diversity expressed by Shannon Index (B) in the four experimental groups. Data are expressed as means of two fecal pools per group. Differences were considered significant when *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, or ***p < 0.001. Stacked barplots showing the mean relative abundance of gut bacterial phyla (C), families (D), and genera (E) level. Data are expressed as means of two fecal pools per experimental group.