Fig. 3: Effect of cell density and secreted TNF on B cell death by NETosis.

A Cells cultured at low density (LD) (5,000 cell/cm2) versus high density (HD) (50,000 cell/cm2). Paired t-test; *P < 0.05. B TNF secretion by tonsil and PB IgM+ IgD+ CD27− B cells. TNF secretion in culture supernatant from cells killed abruptly by freezing or after 2 h incubation at 37 °C. Tonsil N = 11. T0 = 2.5 pg/ml (median); 2 h culture = 56 pg/ml (median). PB N = 4. T0 = 1.3 pg/ml (median); 2 h culture = 8.7 pg/ml (median). Wilcoxon test, Tonsil ***P < 0.001, PB P = 0.12. C Effect of TNF neutralizing Abs on B cell NETosis (left) and cell survival (right); Paired t-test, **P = 0.002.