Fig. 4: Membrane RANK of OC-ABs activates the reverse signaling pathway in bone mesenchymal stem cells.

A Fluorescence images showed that OC-ABs were enriched on the cell membrane of BMSCs, scare bar = 30 μm. B Representative Alizarin Red stained images for each indicated group, scare bar = 100 μm. C Quantification of mineralized areas from indicated group, n = 5. D Western blot showed the expression levels of mTOR downstream signaling pathway proteins in each indicated group. One-way ANOVA analysis was used to compare multiple sets of data in (C), *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ns non-significant.