Table 1 The function of m6A regulators in RNA metabolism^a.

Writers

METTL3

catalyzes m6A formation

[25, 27]

METTL14

combines METTL3 and provides structural support for METTL3

[20]

WTAP

interacts with METTL3-METTL14 and stabilizes the core complex (MTC)

[30, 31]

KIAA1429 (VIRMA)

guides MTC to specific RNA regions and guides region-selective methylation

[28]

RBM15/15B

binds the m6A complex and recruits it to specific RNA site

[32]

HAKAI (CBLL1)

binds to WTAP-ZC3H13 and using KIAA1429 as a scaffold forms a pocket suitable for MTC

[28]

METTL16

catalyzes m6A formation

[34]

METTL7A

catalyzes m6A formation

[35, 36]

ZC3H13

binds to WTAP and assists with MTC nuclear localization

[29, 33]

METTL5

deposits m6A into 18S rRNA

[37]

ZCCHC4

deposits m6A into 28S rRNA

[37]

ZFP217

participates in m6A deposition of mRNA

[38]

SMAD2/3

participates in m6A deposition of mRNA

[39]

CEBPZ

participates in m6A deposition of mRNA

[40]

Erasers

FTO

removes m6A modification

[23, 27, 29, 30]

ALKBH5

removes m6A modification

[23, 27, 29, 30]

ALKBH1

removes m6A modification

[43, 44]

ALKBH3

removes m6A modification

[45]

Readers

YTHDC1

promotes RNA splicing and nuclear export

[32, 47, 48]

YTHDC2

improves the translation efficiency of target mRNA and reduces the abundance of target mRNA

[53]

YTHDF1

promotes mRNA translation

[55]

YTHDF2

promotes mRNA degradation

[56]

YTHDF3

promotes mRNA translation and degradation by interacting with YTHDF1 and YTHDF2

[57, 58]

IGF2BP1/2/3

improves mRNA stability and translation efficiency

[59]

HNRNPA2/B1

promotes pri-miRNA processing

[50]

HNRNPC/G

mediates mRNA splicing

[51, 52]

EIF3

enhances mRNA translation

[55]