Fig. 2: PEC causes DNA damage in BLCA cells.

A Western blots showing proteins related to DNA damage (γ-H2AX, 53BP1, p-ATM) after PEC treatment for 24 h. B Immunofluorescence staining of γ-H2AX in BLCA cells after PEC treatment (5 μM in 5637, 10 μM in SCaBER) for 24 h. Scale bar, 10 μm. C Comet assay images showing DNA damage in the BLCA cells treated with PEC for 24 h. Scale bar, 50 μm. D Statistical analysis of tail length and tail DNA percentage (n = 50).