Fig. 5: DOX inhibits PEC toxicity, while GEM synergistically enhances PEC cytotoxic effects.

A Schematic diagram showing the experimental workflow of the drug combination assay. B Representative microscopic images of 5637 cells treated with DOX (250 nM, changed to fresh medium after 6 h), PEC (10 μM), or a combination. Scale bar, 500 μm. C Representative microscopic images of 5637 cells treated with GEM (500 nM, changed to fresh medium after 6 h), PEC (10 μM), or a combination. Scale bar, 500 μm. D The MTT assay of BLCA treated with DOX (250 nM, changed to fresh medium after 6 h) or PEC (10 μM in 5637, 20 μM in SCaBER) or their combination for 48 h. E The MTT assay of BLCA treated with GEM (500 nM, changed to fresh medium after 6 h) or PEC (10 μM in 5637, 20 μM in SCaBER) or their combination for 48 h. F Western blots showing protein levels in BLCA cells were treated similarly to (B). G Western blots showing protein levels in BLCA cells were treated similarly to (C). H Cell viability curves of 5637 and SCaBER cells exposed to indicated concentrations of PEC or GEM for 48 h.