Table 1 Inducers of testicular ferroptosis.
From: Emerging roles of ferroptosis in male reproductive diseases
Factor/reagent | Categories | Mechanism | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
Busulfan | Drug | Downregulated NRF2ËŽGPX4 and FPN expression | [70] |
Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside tablet | Drug | Inhibit NRF2/xCT/GPX4 axis and FPN espression | |
Ischemia-reperfusion | Testicular torsion | Downregulated NRF2ËŽGPX4 and FPN expression | [71] |
Scrotal hyperthermia | High temperature exposure | Increase ACSL4 expression | [107] |
Smoking (nicotine) | Habit | Downregulated NRF2 and GPX4 expression | |
2.5-micron particulate matter | Environmental factor | Depletion of GSH and reduce GPX4 expression | |
DEHP | Environmental factor | Increase TFR1 and HO1 expression Reduce GPX4 level | |
BisphenolA | Environmental factor | Downregulate NRF2/HO1 and xCT/GPX4 pathwayËŽActivate ACSL4 expression and ROS accumulation | |
Arsenite | Heavy mental | Downregulate xCT/GPX4 pathwayËŽInduce ROS release and increase iron levels | [84] |
Cdmium | Heavy mental | Reduce FTHËŽFPN and xCT expressionËŽDownregulate NRF2/HO1 pathway and enhance lipid peroxidation | |
Hexavalent chromium | Heavy mental | Inhibit xCT/GPX4 and mTOR | [99] |
Copper | Heavy mental | Regulate AMPK/mTOR pathway | [100] |
Zinc | Heavy mental | downregulate levels of SLC7A11, GPX4, and ferritin, and upregulate levels of TFR1, TF | [98] |
Deoxynivalenol | Biotic factor | Inhibit NRF2/xCT/GPX4 axis | [114] |
Zearalenone | Biotic factor | Inhibit NRF2/xCT/GPX4 axis | [113] |
HT-2 toxin | Biotic factor | Inhibit xCT/GPX4 axis and increase ACSL4 expression | [103] |
