Table 1 Super-enhancers and BRD4 induce oncogene transcriptional activation and over-expression, cancer cell proliferation, survival, tumor initiation and progression.
From: Super-enhancers and the super-enhancer reader BRD4: tumorigenic factors and therapeutic targets
Cancer type | Regulation of gene expression | Regulation of tumorigenesis | References |
|---|---|---|---|
Glioblastoma | RUNX1, BHLHE40, BCL3, FOSL2, EGFR and SOX2 gene over-expression | Glioblastoma cell proliferation in vitro and tumor progression in mice | |
Liver cancer | SPHK1, MYC, MYCN, SHH and YAP1 oncogene over-expression | Liver cancer cell proliferation in vitro and tumor progression in mice | [17] |
Pancreatic cancer | MYC and RUNX3 oncogene over-expression | Pancreatic cancer cell de-differentiation, proliferation in vitro and tumor progression in a mouse model | [18] |
Small cell lung cancer | Lineage-specific transcription factor and MYC, SOX2 and NFIB gene over-expression | Small cell lung cancer cell proliferation in vitro and tumor progression in mouse models | [19] |
Neuroblastoma | MYC, MYCN and JMJD6 oncogene over-expression | Neuroblastoma cell proliferation in vitro and tumor progression in mice | [20] |
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma | CXCL1, CXCL5 and CXCL8 CXC chemokine gene over-expression | Renal cell cancer progression and metastasis in mice | [22] |
Colon cancer | ASCL2, PDZK1IP1 and MYC over-expression | Colon cancer cell proliferation in vitro and tumor progression in mice | [23] |
Medulloblastoma | ALK, SMO, NTRK3, LMO1 LMO2, MYC, ETV4 and PAX5 over-expression | Medulloblastoma cell proliferation in vitro and tumor progression in mice | |
Leukemia | MYC over-expression | leukemia stem cell self-renewal in vitro and leukemogenesis | |
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma | MYC, E2F1, BCL6 and PAX5 oncogene over-expression | Lymphoma cell proliferation in vitro and lymphoma progression in mice | [34] |
Estrogen receptor alpha positive breast cancer | Over-expression of estrogen receptor alpha target genes, such as RET | Estrogen receptor alpha positive breast cancer cell proliferation in vitro and tumor progression in mice | [35] |
Neck & nasopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma | Over-expression of oncogenes such as ETV6, and cancer stemness genes such as MET, TP63 and FOSL1 | Cancer cell proliferation and cancer stem cell self-renewal in vitro, and invasive tumor growth and metastasis in mice | |
Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma | Over-expression of oncogenes such as EGFR & undifferentiation genes such as SOX2 and NES | Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma cell proliferation in vitro and tumor progression in mouse models | [21] |
Rhabdomyosarcoma | SOX8, MYOD1, MYOG and MYCN over-expression | Rhabdomyosarcoma cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in mice | |
Melanoma | PGC-1α gene over-expression | Melanoma cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in a mouse model | [40] |
Multiple myeloma | HJURP, MYC, BCL-xL and IRF4 gene over-expression | Multiple myeloma cell proliferation and survival |
