Table 1 Summary of important clinical trials of CAR-T cells in multiple myeloma.

anti-BCMA CAR-T cells

NCT02215967

Phase I

R/RMM

at least 3 prior lines

n = 24

LD chemotherapy

followed by 0.3–9 × 10⁶ CAR-T cells/kg

ORR: 81% at 9 × 10⁶ CAR-T cells/kg;

median EFS: 31 weeks

Any-grade CRS 94%, ≥grade 3 CRS 38%; ≥grade 3 NTX 19% at 9 × 106 CAR-T cells/kg

[13, 14]

LCAR-B38M

NCT03090659

Phase I

R/RMM

at least 1 prior lines

n = 57

LD chemotherapy

followed by 0.07–2.1 × 10⁶ cells/kg CAR-T cells

ORR: 88%;

median PFS 15 months

Any-grade CRS

90%, ≥grade 3 CRS 7%; any-grade NTX 1.7% (grade 1)

[15]

CT103A

ChiCTR1800018137

Phase I

R/RMM

at least 3 prior lines

n = 18

LD chemotherapy

followed by 1–6 × 10⁶ CAR-T cells/kg

ORR: 100%; 1year PFS: 58.3%

Any-grade CRS 94%,

≥grade 3 CRS 22%;

any-grade NTX 0%

[16]

CT103A

ChiCTR2000033946

Phase I/II

R/RMM

at least 3 prior lines

n = 71

LD chemotherapy

followed by 1 × 10⁶ CAR-T cells/kg

ORR: 94.4%

Any-grade CRS 93%, ≥grade 3 CRS 2.8%; any-grade NTX 1.4% (grade 2)

[17]

BB212

NCT02658929

Phase I

R/RMM

at least 3 prior lines

n = 33

LD chemotherapy

followed by 50–800 × 10⁶ CAR-T cells/kg

ORR: 85%;

median PFS 11.8 months

Any-grade CRS 76%,

≥grade 3 CRS 6%;

≥grade 3 NTX 3%

[18]

BB212

NCT03361748

Phase II

R/RMM

at least 3 prior lines

n = 128

LD chemotherapy

followed by 150–450 × 10⁶ CAR-T cells/kg

ORR: 73%;

median PFS 8.6 months

Any-grade CRS 84%,

≥grade 3 CRS 5%;

≥grade 3 NTX 3%

[19]

anti-CD19 CAR-T cells

CTL019

NCT02135406

Phase I

R/RMM

at least 2 prior lines

n = 10

ASCT followed

by 50 × 10⁶ CAR-T cells/kg

ORR: 80%

Any-grade CRS 10%,

≥grade 3 CRS 0%;

no NTX reported

[20]

anti-CD19 CAR-T cells combined with anti-BCMA CAR-T cells

NCT 03196414

Phase I/II

R/RMM

at least 1 prior lines

n = 10

LD chemotherapy

followed by 1 × 10⁷ CD19- CAR-T cells/kg day0, 3–6.5 × 10⁷ BCMA-CAR-T cells/kg day 1,2

ORR: 90%

Any-grade CRS 100%,

≥grade 3 CRS 10%;

no NTX reported

[21]

ChiCTR-OIC-17011272

Phase II

R/RMM

at least 5 prior lines

n = 22

LD chemotherapy

followed by 1.0 × 10⁶ CD19- CAR-T cells/kg day0, 1 × 10⁶ BCMA-CAR T cells/kg day 0

ORR: 95%

Any-grade CRS 90%,

≥grade 3 CRS 5%;

Any-grade NTX 9.5%

[22]

SZ-MM-CART02

NCT 03455972

Phase I/II

NDMM

High Risk

n = 9

ASCT followed by 1 × 10⁷ CD19-CAR-T cells/kg day0, 5 × 10⁷ BCMA-CAR-T cells/kg day 1,2

ORR: 100%

Any-grade CRS 100%

[23]

anti-CD38 and anti-BCMA dual-target CAR-T cells

BM38

ChiCTR1800018143

Phase I

R/RMM

at least 2 prior lines

n = 23

LD chemotherapy

followed by 0.5–4 × 10⁶ CAR-T cells/kg

CR: 87%; median PFS 17.2 months

Any-grade CRS 87%,

≥grade 3 CRS 35%;

≥grade 3 NTX 0%

[24]