Table 2 Summary of significant clinical trials investigating checkpoint inhibitors in multiple myeloma.
From: Targeted immunotherapy: harnessing the immune system to battle multiple myeloma
Agents | Study details | Patients | Regimens | Outcomes | Adverse events | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PD-1 inhibitors | KEYNOTE-013 NCT01953692 Phase I b | R/RMM median 4 prior lines n = 30 | pembrolizumab 10 mg/kg q2w or 200 mg q3w | ORR: 0%; median PFS 2.7 months | Common ≥grade 3 AEs: anemia (13.3%), hypercalcemia (6.7%) | [41] |
KEYNOTE-023 NCT02036502 Phase I | R/RMM at least 2 prior lines n = 62 | Pembrolizumab+ Rd | ORR: 44%; median PFS 7.2 months | Common ≥grade 3 AEs: neutropenia (27.4%), thrombocytopenia (16.1%) | [42] | |
KEYNOTE-183 NCT02576977 Phase III | R/RMM at least 2 prior lines n = 249 | Pembrolizumab+ Pd vs. Pd | ORR: 34% vs. 40%; Median PFS: 5.6 vs. 8.4 months | Serious AEs: 63% vs. 46% | [43] | |
EYNOTE-185 NCT02579863 Phase III | NDMM transplant ineligible n = 301 | Pembrolizumab+ Rd vs. Rd | ORR: 64% vs. 62%; 6-month PFS: 82% vs. 85% | Serious AEs: 54% vs. 39% | [44] | |
PD-L1 inhibitor | NCT03000452 Phase II | R/RMM daratumumab- refractory n = 18 | Durvalumab+ daratumumab | ORR: 0% | Serious AEs: 38.9% | [45] |
