Table 1 The physical function of SOX family and their role in cancer.

From: SOX on tumors, a comfort or a constraint?

Subfamily

Member

Physiological function

Role in cancer

Reference

SOX A

SRY

Sex determination

Promotes the migration and invasion of HCC cells

[24, 185, 186]

SOX B1

SOX1

Neural stem cell differentiation

Inhibits the invasion of HCC, lung cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma

[132, 187]

SOX2

Maintains embryonic stem cell properties

Axonal regrowth

Occurrence and maintenance of lung tissue.

Inhibits invasion of ESCC, GC

Promotes metastasis of bladder cancer, GBM, CRC, lung cancer

[12, 67, 94, 103,104,105, 137, 138, 188, 189]

SOX3

Indispensable for gonadal function

Promotes migration and metastasis of GC and osteosarcoma

[190]

SOX B2

SOX14

Promotes neurogenesis

Participates in the proliferation and invasion of cervical cancer

[191]

SOX21

Neural stem cell differentiation

Induces apoptosis of GBM and glioma

[127, 192]

SOX C

SOX4

Lymphocyte differentiation

Cartilage growth plate formation, neurogenesis, cardiovascular development

Promotes proliferation and metastasis of ESCC, TNBC, CRC, OSCC, HCC

[6, 7, 17, 54, 58, 68, 95, 99]

SOX11

Neurogenesis

Formation of cartilage growth plate

Inhibits the proliferation of hematopoietic malignancies and Ewing sarcoma

Induces EMT in uterine carcinosarcoma

[6, 7, 59, 86, 129, 193]

SOX12

Lymphocyte differentiation

Increases proliferation and metastasis of HCC and GC

[91, 96, 143]

SOX D

SOX5

Interference of oligodendrocyte specification

Activation of neural crest specification

Cartilage formation

Induces apoptosis of glioma

Promotes metastasis of NSCLC, prostate cancer, CRC

[38, 81, 127, 194]

SOX6

Survival and maturation of erythroid cells

Development of cardiac myocyte and cartilage

Inhibits proliferation and metastasis of glioma, pancreatic cancer, HCC

Promotes EMT in NPC

[9, 18, 38, 56, 126, 127]

SOX13

Lymphocyte differentiation

Promotes metastasis of HCC, CRC

Promotes proliferation of BC, thyroid cancer

[85, 98, 141]

SOX E

SOX8

Involved in testis differentiation, osteogenesis,

Promotes proliferation of proliferation of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia and TSCC

[24, 195, 196]

SOX9

Development of testicular and lung tissue, maintains the homeostasis of stem cells in the tissue

Promotes delamination of the trunk neural crest

Tumor suppressor in melanoma

Promotes metastasis of HCC, CRC, prostate cancer

Promotes proliferation of HCC, CRC, GC

[25, 70, 71, 89, 90, 108,109,110,111,112, 163, 193, 197]

SOX10

Peripheral nervous development

Promotes EMT in HCC, biomarker for breast cancer

[84, 171]

SOX F

SOX7

Hematopoietic development,

regulates lymphatic endothelial cells

Inhibits proliferation of lung cancer, CRC and AML, Treg infiltration in glioma, recruitment of TAMs

[19, 123, 124, 128, 150, 154, 198]

SOX17

Development of lung tissue and cardiovascular

Promotes angiogenesis in ovarian cancer, recruit Tregs in glioma

[21, 100, 193]

SOX18

Development of the endothelial cells lining the blood and lymphatic vessels heart and skeletal muscle

Induces metastasis of GC cells

[23, 93, 199]

SOX G

SOX15

Population of myogenic progenitor cells and regeneration

Inhibits proliferation of prostate cancer and glioma

[125, 130]

SOX H

SOX30

Promotes or maintain meiosis and gender differentiation of testicular germ cell

Inhibits invasion and metastasis of lung cancer and prostate cancer

[64, 200]

  1. AML acute myeloid leukemia, BC breast cancer, CRC colorectal cancer, EMT epithelial-mesenchymal transition, ESCC esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, GBM glioblastoma, GC gastric cancer, HCC hepatic cell carcinoma, NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer, NPC nasopharyngeal carcinoma, OSCC oral squamous cell carcinoma, SOX sex determining region Y (SRY)- HMG box, TAM tumor-associated macrophages, TNBC triple-negative breast cancer, TREG regulatory T cell, TSCC tongue squamous cell carcinoma.
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