Fig. 2: Mitophagy interacts with the inflammatory cascade.
From: Mechanism and role of mitophagy in the development of severe infection
A Mitochondria contribute to MAVS-induced anti-infective response. mtDNA promotes interferon expression by cGAS-STING pathway. HPIV3, SARS-CoV2 and Hantavirus inhibit the role of MAVS to survive themselves. B DAMPs derived from mitochondria induce apoptosis and pyroptosis in host cells by activating caspase 1/3/7. Mitophagy blocks inflammatory pathway via scavenging mitochondria-derived DAMPs. TLR-NF-κB signaling promotes p62-dependent mitophagy to inhibit mitochondria-dependent inflammation and cell death. TLRs also activate RIP1-RIP3 signaling to induce incomplete mitophagy and necroptosis. cGAS-STING cyclic guanosine monophosphate–adenosine monophosphate synthase and stimulator of IFN genes. IRF interferon regulatory factor, MAVS mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein, mtDNA mitochondrial DNA, dsDNA: double strand DNA, Cyt c Cytochrome c, DAMPs danger-associated molecular patterns, RIP receptor interacting protein.
