Fig. 4: Cancer-associated fibroblasts-derived SULF1 activated TGF-β signaling pathway in GC cells by binding to TGFBR3.

A GSEA analysis result of SULF1 in TGF-β signaling pathway. B Western blotting to detected the expression of SMAD2, SMAD3, p-SMAD2 and p-SMAD3 in HGC27 and AGS cells under indicated treatments. C Immunofluorescence to detected the nuclear localization of p-SMAD2/3 in HGC27 and AGS cells under indicated treatments. D Immunofluorescence to detected the co-localization of SULF1 and TGFBR3 in HGC27 and AGS cells co-cultured with CAFs. Co-IP assays to detected the interaction between SULF1 and TGFBR3 in HGC27 (E) and AGS (F) cells co-cultured with CAFs. Western blotting to detected the TGF-β1 immunoprecipitated by TGFBR3 in HGC27 (G) and AGS (H) cells under indicated treatments.