Table 1 Overview of various methylation studies in corneal diseases.
From: Methylation in cornea and corneal diseases: a systematic review
Core event | Methylation type | Tissue type | Conclusion/Significance | Contributors |
|---|---|---|---|---|
KTCN | DNA methylation | Human | It revealed unique DNA methylation patterns in human KTCN corneas. | Kabza [120] |
Corneal wound | DNA methylation | Mice hCECs | 1. DNMT1 and DNMT3B expression was significantly upregulated during CEWH. 2. miR-200a and CDKN2B were identified as molecular targets of DNA methylation and as having a causal connection with DNMT1. | Luo [62] |
Mice | The involvement of DNMT3B-madiated DNA methylation and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling modulation in Alkali burn. | Li [31] | ||
RNA methylation | Mice HUVEC | FTO regulates ocular angiogenesis in an m6A-YTHDF2-dependent manner. | Shan [30] | |
Mice HUVEC | METTL3 enhances the translation of specific target genes (lrp6, disheveled 1) which is mediated by YTHDF1. | Yao [134] | ||
Mice hCECs | NSUN2-mediated 5-Methylcytidine modification of UHRF1 mRNA modulates CEWH | Luo [176] | ||
Histone methylation | Human | Maspin synthesis is downregulated in corneal stromal cells by methylation of maspin promoters and histones. | Horswill [106] | |
Mice HUVEC | Inhibition of EZH2 alleviated corneal angiogenesis by inhibiting FoxO3a/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. | Wan [182] | ||
Mice hCECs | Knockdown of SUV39H1 regulated the p27 expression level and reduced H3K9me3 marks at p27 promoter. | Yang [175] | ||
Mice CFs | EZH2 is a new target to inhibit corneal scarring by activating anti-fibrosis genes. | Liao [110] | ||
Keratitis | RNA methylation | Mice | It represents the pioneering exploration of m6A modification profiles in experimental fungal keratitis. | Hu [28] |
Histone methylation | Mice hCECs | Inhibition of Dot1L prevented corneal oxidative stress and inflammation through the p38 MAPK pathway in HSK. | Wan [107] | |
Corneal dystrophy | DNA methylation | Human | 1. DNA methylation patterns play role in loss of corneal transparency. 2. Impaired fluid transport, cellular homeostasis, and cytoskeletal organization associated with gene methylation levels. | Khuc [186] |
Human | Snail and ZEB1 are upregulated by miR-199B hypermethylation | Pan [187] | ||
Histone methylation | Human | Knockdown of both MLL1 and SET7/9 significantly blocked the TGFβ1-induced gene expression and inhibited TGFβ1-induced changes in promoter H3K4me1/3 levels. | Maeng [185] | |
Brittle cornea syndrome | Histone methylation | Human | H3K9me2 at these PRDM5-target genes in fibroblasts and demonstrate that the BCS2 mutation p.Arg83Cys diminishes interaction of PRDM5 with repressive complexes. | Poter [205] |
Diabetic keratopathy | DNA methylation | Human | 1. Significant differential DNA methylation between diabetic and non-diabetic limbal epithelial cells. 2. Wnt-5a promoter was hypermethylated in diabetic limbal epithelial cells accompanied with markedly decreased Wnt-5a protein. | Shah [14] |
