Table 1 The role of miRNAs in IPF.
From: Emerging roles of noncoding RNAs in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Function | miRNA | Experimental model | Target of action | Status in IPF | Effect on IPF or pathway associated | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
− | Let-7d | Mice/A549,FLF, NHLF, HFF-1 | HMGA2 ER | Down-regulated | EMT and fibrotic markers by activation of TGFβ1/Smad3 | [67] [72] [73] |
− | miR-200 | BLM fibrosis mice model and LPS early pulmonary fibrosis mouse model | TGF-β1 ZEB1/2 | Down-regulated | TGF-β1-induced EMT of AECs | [70] [71] |
+ | miR-143-5p miR-342-5p | IPF fibroblasts and AECII | FASN ACSL-4 | Up-regulated | TGFβ1/Smad3 pathway, ATII cell injury and senescence. | [76] |
− | let-7 | BLM fibrosis mice model | Sp3 | Down-regulated | declined ferroptosis and improvement by Sp3/HDAC2/Nrf2 signaling pathway | [77] |
| Â | LOX1 | Down-regulated | remits pulmonary fibrosis through regulating ROS, mtDNA damage, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. | [78] | ||
− | miR-29c | BLM fibrosis mice model and AEC2s of patients with IPF | Foxo3a | Down-regulated | Epithelial Cell Renewal and Apoptosis | [79] |
| Â | BLM fibrosis mice model | Fas | Down-regulated | ECM and the sensitivity to apoptosis in lung fibroblasts | [98] | |
− | miR-29b | Lung tissues of patients with IPF and BLM fibrosis mice model | TRIOBP | Down-regulated | EMT and lung fibroblast activation via TRIOBP/TRIO | [80] |
− | miR-15a | BLM fibrosis mice model | YAP1 | Down-regulated | fibroblast proliferation, migration, and collagen via YAP1/Twist | [82] |
− | miR-338-3p | Lung tissues of patients with IPF and BLM fibrosis mice model | PTEN | Down-regulated | myofibroblast differentiation and matrix protein production via TGF-β/PTEN | [83] |
− | miR-340-5p | NHLF-TGFβind | FNTATF1 | Down-regulated | TGFβ/P38/ATF1 pathway | [84] |
+ | miR-301a | HFLT, HFLF-TGFβind and LF of BLM fibrosis mice model | TSC1 | Up-regulated | Activation of TSC1/mTOR pathway | [85] |
+ | miR-21 | BLM fibrosis mice model and HELF-TGFβind | Smad 7 | Up-regulated | EMT and TGFβ/Smad pathway activation | [86] |
+ | miR-182-5p | BLM fibrosis mice model and HELF-TGFβind | Smad 7 | Up-regulated | pro-fibrotic markers by pSmad2, pSmad3 and TGFβ pathway activation | [87] |
− | miR-133a | NHLF-TGFβind | COL1A1 CTGF α-SMA TGFβR1 | Up-regulated | TGF-β1-induced expression of classic myofibroblast differentiation markers | [90] |
+ | miR-124 | LR-MSCs-TGFβind | AXIN1 | Up-regulated | TGF-β1 induced differentiation of LR-MSCs to myofibroblast via Wnt signaling pathway | [91] |
+ | miR-424 | NHLF-TGFβind and HFLF | SLIT2 | Up-regulated | myofibroblast differentiation by TGFβ1 pathway | [92] |
− | miR-17-5p | BLM fibrosis mice model | Thbs2 | Down-regulated | Downstream fibrosis-related proteins | [94] |
− | miR-34a | BLM fibrosis mice model | − | Down-regulated | diminished senescent phenotype and enhanced resistance to apoptosis | [95] |
| Â | FLIP | Down-regulated | myofibroblast resistance to T-cell initiated cell death and accumulation | [97] | ||
+ | miR-146a | Macrophages | IL-1R/TLRs-NF-κB axis, JAK-STAT signaling pathway | Up-regulated | M1 polarization ↓and M2 polarization ↑ , leading to fibrosis | [99] |
+ | miR-33 | Macrophages | AMPK PGC-1α SIRT3 | Up-regulated | mitochondrial homeostasis and augmentation of autophagy | [101] |
