Fig. 6: Schematic diagram of the spatiotemporal functions of Lif in the uterus during the peri-implantation period.

During the receptive phase (day 4), glandular Lif activates Stat3 in the luminal epithelium, facilitating gene expression required for embryo attachment. Once the embryo is attached, stromal Lif is induced in the vicinity of blastocysts to promote crypt formation by activating Stat3 in the embryo-attached epithelium.