Fig. 4: Case reports on combination of nivolumab and derivatives of artemisinin demonstrate beneficial effect in LUSC.

Representative pictures are shown, demonstrating the massive increase of apoptotic cell bodies in HE and the reduction of Ki67 positive staining in combined treatment conditions of the investigated LUSC case. (Bars = 50 µm, A). Tumor fraction (TF), tumor apoptosis (TA), and proliferation (TP) were combined into one final tumor vitality score (TVS), showing the efficacy of the combinatory treatment with DHA against nivolumab in LUSC (LUAD: N = 1, LUSC: N = 1, B).