Table 2 The role of MBD2 in autoimmune diseases.
From: The role of MBD2 in immune cell development, function, and autoimmune diseases
Disease | MBD2 ligands | Cells | MBD2 inactivation method | MBD2 inactivation phenotype | Contributing pathways | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Systemic lupus erythematosus | DNMT1 | CD4 T cells | NO | NO | MBD 2 ultimately causes hypomethylation of the relevant genes by affecting DNMT 1 | |
Sjögren syndrome | NO | B cells | NO | NO | MBD 2 affects B cell demethylation around the salivary glands | |
Type 1 diabetes | STAT1 | Th1 cells | MBD2−/− | The IFN- γ, GM-CSF, and TN-F- α levels increased significantly | MBD 2 maintains the homeostasis of the Th 1 program by binding to the methylated CpG DNA within the Stat 1 promoter | |
Rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis | NO | NO | NO | NO | Patients presented global DNA hypomethylation compared to healthy individuals, along with elevated mRNA expression levels of MBD 2 and DNMT 1 | [76] |
Ulcerative colitis and lupus nephritis | IFN-γR, STAT1, and IFI35 | Macrophage | MBD2−/− | IFN- γ, the activation of the NF- κ B-related pathway | MBD 2 controls the expression of molecules of inflammation-related pathways such as IFN- γ R, STAT 1, and IFI 35 and NF- κ B | |
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis | Erdr1 | Macrophage | MBD2−/− | Prevent fibroblast differentiation into myofibroblasts | MBD 2 selectively binds to the methylated CpG sites within the Erdr 1 promoter | [81] |
