Fig. 1: Presence of small clusters of cancer cells exist in resected tumor tissues following chemotherapy.

A, B Colonoscopy before and after chemotherapy revealing a marked decrease in primary tumor size (A, Case 1; B, Case 4). C, D Representative images of histological findings after chemotherapy in clinical CRC (HE, Ki-67) (C, Case 1; D, Case 4). Small clusters contain no Ki-67-positive cells. Scale bars: 1 mm (low magnification) and 100 μm (high magnification). E The classification schema for small clusters, cuboid type, and flat type (two examples). F Percentage of classification of small clusters (cuboid and flat type) in 12 cases. Blue, cuboid; Orange, flat. G Representative image of CD44v9 positive cells. Scale bar: 100 μm. H H-score of CD44v9 in 12 cases. I Representative images for the expression of EMT-relating proteins (E-cadherin, Vimentin, and ZEB1). Scale bar: 100 μm.