Fig. 7: Ultrastructural alterations after 2 µM TG treatment (60 min) in murine macrophages and human mast cells.

a J774 control cell with regular ultrastructure and in particular no noticeable alterations in nucleus (n) or mitochondria (m). b J774 cell treated with 2 µM TG (60 min) shows bloating of the perinuclear space (ps), increased vacuolation (v), and slightly enlarged mitochondria. c Higher magnification of the ballooning of the perinuclear space of a J774 cell after 60 min, 2 µM TG treatment. d Higher magnification of a J774 cell shows increased vacuolation and slightly enlarged mitochondria with a slight degradation of the mitochondrial cristae structure. e HMC1.2 control cell with regular ultrastructure without noticeable alterations in nucleus, mitochondria, or vesicles. f HMC1.2 cells treated with 2 µM TG (60 min) show swelling of the perinuclear space, increased vacuolation, and degrading mitochondria. g Higher magnification of ballooning of the perinuclear space and vesicles in an HMC1.2 cell after 60 min of 2 µM TG treatment. h Higher magnification of an HMC1.2 cell after 60 min, 2 µM TG treatment, shows increased vesicle abundance and increased autophagolysosomal (aut) vesicle structures.