Fig. 1: Macrophage accumulates in intestines of NEC patients and mice.

A 21,833 cells and 14,298 genes were obtained after scRNA-seq QC. B Variance plots showing changes in gene expression in cells. C PCA analysis revealed a uniform distribution of the samples. D–F UMAP dimensionality reduction identified 11 distinct cell populations. By combining the top marker genes for each cluster and referencing the original literature, 10 different cell types were annotated. G Cell proportion stack plot. H Immune cell infiltration scores of bulk RNA-seq data from the control and NEC groups were evaluated using ssGSEA. I Immunohistochemical staining results of CD68 (macrophage marker) in intestinal tissues from control and NEC group patients (scale bar: 100 μm). J Representative HE staining images of intestinal tissues from control and NEC group mice (scale bar: 100 μm). K Flow cytometry results showing the percentage of macrophages among CD45+ cells in the intestinal tissues of control and NEC group mice. The bar graph illustrates the intestinal macrophages in CD45+ cells in the two groups of mouse intestinal tissues. L Representative immunohistochemical staining images of CD68 (macrophage marker) in the intestinal tissues of control and NEC group mice. Data are mean ± SEM from 4 (K). ***p < 0.001.