Fig. 2: Central role of NAMPT in metabolic homeostasis and related diseases. | Cell Death Discovery

Fig. 2: Central role of NAMPT in metabolic homeostasis and related diseases.

From: Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase in NAD+ metabolism: physiological and pathophysiological implications

Fig. 2

NAMPT regulates NAD⁺ biosynthesis, influencing adipose tissue plasticity, food intake, systemic glucose homeostasis, and circadian rhythm synchronization. In obesity, dysregulated NAMPT expression contributes to chronic low-grade inflammation in adipose tissues, leading to insulin resistance, lipid accumulation, and multi-organ dysfunction. In non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), NAMPT-mediated disruption of NAD⁺ metabolism is closely associated with hepatic lipid deposition, inflammation, and fibrosis progression. NAD⁺ precursor supplementation improves liver function and attenuates NAFLD pathology through the activation of sirtuin-dependent pathways. In type 2 diabetes mellitus, elevated eNAMPT levels impair pancreatic β-cell function and promote inflammation and oxidative stress, exacerbating metabolic dysfunction and complications such as cardiovascular disease, neuropathy, and muscle impairment. The regulatory network of NAMPT in both central and peripheral tissues underscores its significance as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of metabolic disorders.

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