Table 1 Mechanisms of each target and their relationships with ferroptosis.
From: Ioning out glioblastoma: ferroptosis mechanisms and therapeutic frontiers
Target | Mechanism | Relationship | Effect | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
TRIM7 | -Ubiquitinates NCOA4 -Inhibits ferritinophagy -Deduces ferritin degradation -Decreases intracellular free iron | -Iron metabolism regulation | -Intracellular iron↓ | [61] |
COPZ1 | -Deduces ferritin degradation | -Iron metabolism regulation | -Intracellular iron↓ | |
IRP/IRE Signaling Pathway | -Inhibit the translation of ferritin and FPN -Reduces ferritin storage and iron efflux | -Iron metabolism regulation | -Intracellular iron↑ | [64] |
ACSL4 | -Promotes the conversion of unsaturated fatty acids and lipid peroxidation | -Antioxidant defense system | -AA-CoA↑ADA-CoA↑ -Lipid peroxidation↑ | [111] |
Nrf2-ARE Pathway | -Antioxidant -Activates the expression of a range of cytoprotective genes | -Antioxidant defense system | -ROS↓ | [112] |
NF-κB pathway | -Assists RSL3 in inhibiting GPX4 activity -Regulates the expression of iron metabolism-related proteins -Modulates antioxidant responses or stress signaling pathways -Regulates MES transition and invasion | -Lipid metabolism and peroxidation regulation | -Intracellular iron↑ -GPX4↓ -MES transformation↑ | [70] |
APOC1 | -Upregulates HO-1 and NQO1 -Increase GSH and GPX4 expression | -Lipid metabolism and peroxidation regulation | -CBS↑ -GSH↑ | [52] |
PRRX2/GCH1/BH4 | -Increases lipid peroxidation and BH4 | -Lipid metabolism and peroxidation regulation | -BH4↑ |
