Fig. 4: Regulatory mechanism of PANoptosis.

Different pathogens activate specific PANoptosome complexes, which in turn trigger multiple cell death pathways. The upper left is ZBP1-PANoptosome activated by IAV, and the upper right is AIM2-PANoptosome activated by HSV. The lower left also shows Yersinia activating RIPK1-PANoptosome via TNFR/TLR, and the lower right activating NLRP12-PANoptosome via TLR2/4 and MyD88. These complexes interact through different signaling molecules, ultimately leading to multiple forms of cell death such as necroptosis, apoptosis, and pyroptosis.