Table 1 Mechanisms and disease applications of drugs targeting mitochondrial pathways.

Bcl-2 protein family-related drug

ABT-199

Inhibition of Bcl-2 promoted cell apoptosis

Acute myeloid leukemia

[105]

ABT-737

Inhibition of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL promoted cell apoptosis

Breast cancer

[106]

small cell lung cancer

[107]

Navitoclax

Inhibition of Bcl-2 promoted cell apoptosis

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

[108]

S63845

Activation of Bax/Bak-dependent mitochondrial apoptosis pathway inhibits McL1-dependent cancer cells

Multiple myeloma

[109]

Breast cancer

[110]

A-1331852

Inhibition of Bcl-xL promoted cell death

Acute myeloid leukemia

[111]

mPTP-related drug

Cyclosporin A

Chelate-free Ca²⁺ to delay mPTP opening

Ischemia-reperfusion injury

[11]

ROS-related drug

δ-TT

Induce mitochondrial dysfunction and promote ROS production

Melanoma

[112]

AAZ2

Promote ROS production and induce mitochondria-dependent apoptosis

Gastric cancer

[113]

Osteosarcoma

[114]

Metabolism-related drug

Metformin

Inhibition of mitochondrial complex I activates the AMPK/mTOR pathway

diabetes

[115]

Ovarian cancer

[116]

Small-cell lung cancer

[117]

Antioxidants

NAC

Scavenging ROS and maintaining mitochondrial REDOX homeostasis

Diabetic nephropathy

[118, 119]

CoQ10

Maintain mitochondrial membrane potential and remove free radicals

Heart failure

[120]

LA

Clear ROS and promote the production of reducing Ca²⁺

Colorectal cancer

[121]

MitoQ

Target mitochondria and reduce ROS

Prostate cancer

[122]

mTOR inhibitors

Rapamycin

Inhibition of mTOR pathway reduces the activation of ROS and Caspase

Head and neck cancer

[123]

Adenocarcinoma of the lung

[124]