Fig. 6: APO protects against liver injury in an APAP-induced mouse model.

A BALB/c male mice (6–8-weeks-old) received an i.p. injection of 400–500 mg/kg APAP in the presence or absence of APO after a 12 h fasting period. Livers were perfused and harvested 24 h after the injection. B Gross morphology of liver tissues (n = 3 per group) after 500 mg/kg APAP injection to induce severe liver injury. C H&E staining of liver tissues after APAP injection. The necrotic area was quantified using ImageJ by measuring the unstained regions and calculating their proportion relative to the total tissue area. The boxed images are magnifications. D Membrane-localized p-MLKL was assessed by IHC staining of paraffin-embedded liver sections. The boxed images are magnifications. Quantification of membrane-localized p-MLKL signal intensity was performed on over 100 cells per group using Zen imaging software (Zeiss), with normalization to cytosolic p-MLKL intensity. Data are presented as mean ± SD. *p < 0.001; one-way ANOVA. E Serum AST and ALT levels were evaluated to assess liver injury after APAP injection. Mean ± SD (n = 3). *p < 0.001, ns not significant, one-way ANOVA.