Fig. 3: Amlodipine inhibited stemness and self-renewal of GSCs.

A Representative images of spheroid formation of GSC23 and GSC11 cells after exposure to indicated concentrations of amlodipine (varying from 0 to 25 μM, with 5 μM interval) for 7 days. Scale bar = 250 µm. B, C Quantitative analysis of sphere formation efficiency and average tumor sphere diameter of GSCs before and after amlodipine treatment. D–F Western blot analysis and quantitative analysis of the expression level of GSC markers (CD133 and SOX2) in GSC23 and CSC11 cells after treatment with indicated concentrations of amlodipine (varying from 0 to 25 μM, with 5 μM interval) for 48 h. GAPDH was applied as the loading control. All data are presented as mean ± SD. n = 3 independent experiments. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001, compared with the control group.