Fig. 3: Mechanistic link between HERV epigenetic derepression and oncogenesis. | Cell Death Discovery

Fig. 3: Mechanistic link between HERV epigenetic derepression and oncogenesis.

From: The expression, regulation, and function of human endogenous retroviruses in genitourinary cancers

Fig. 3

DNA hypomethylation silencing reactivates LTR elements, functioning as alternative promoters/enhancers for proto-oncogenes and driving oncogenic transcriptional programs. In parallel, derepressed HERV transcripts form double-stranded RNAs that activate MAVS–IRF3/STAT1 signaling, inducing type I interferon responses and immune cell recruitment, but also upregulating PD-L1 to establish compensatory immunosuppression (Created with BioRender.com).

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