Fig. 2: Mechanisms of cell membrane rupture induced by ferroptosis.
From: Regulation of apoptosis, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis mediated by acetylation
Lipid peroxidation leads to the inactivation of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase, resulting in elevated intracellular Na⁺ levels. This osmotic effect causes cellular edema and increased tension, which activates Piezo1 and TRP channels, leading to the influx of Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ and the efflux of K⁺, further exacerbating cellular swelling and membrane tension. Additionally, lipid peroxidation restricts the recruitment of CHMP5 and CHMP6 to the plasma membrane, which are involved in the local repair processes of the cell membrane, ultimately resulting in cell rupture and death. Piezo1 mechanosensitive ion channel piezo1, TRP transient receptor potential channel, CHMP5 charged multivesicular body protein 5, CHMP6 charged multivesicular body protein 6, CHMP4B charged multivesicular body protein 4B.
