Fig. 5: Efficient simultaneous gene activation with a catRNA array.

a Schematic representation of a catRNA pool and array used for simultaneous gene activation. The spacer sequences used are indicated. b Simultaneous DNMT1 and VEGFa gene activation with the dCpf1-VPR activator and catRNA array. Plasmids encoding pooled crRNA, caRNA, and catRNA and arrayed crRNA, caRNA, catRNA were co-transfected with the dCpf1-VPR activator plasmid. Gene expression was measured by quantitative real-time PCR 48 h post-transfection. Bar, SE. n = 3. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001 determined by the Mann–Whitney test