Table 2 Primary, secondary, and other related outcomes, according to ADRB2 Arg16Gly (A > G)

From: ADRB2 polymorphism Arg16Gly modifies the natural outcome of heart failure and dictates therapeutic response to β-blockers in patients with heart failure

Outcome

AA genotype

AG genotype

GG genotype

HRa (95% CI) or ORb

P value

 

(N = 919)

(N = 1112)

(N = 355)

AG/GG vs. AA

 

Primary composite outcome—no. (%)

  Death from cardiovascular causes or heart transplantation

129 (14.0)

209 (18.8)

81 (22.8)

1.49 (1.21–1.83)

<0.001

  Death from cardiovascular causes

124 (13.5)

193 (17.4)

74 (20.8)

1.44 (1.16–1.79)

0.001

Secondary outcomes—no. (%)

  Death from any cause

138 (15.0)

226 (20.3)

84 (23.7)

1.50 (1.22–1.83)

<0.001

  First hospitalization for cardiovascular causes

243 (26.4)

355 (31.9)

110 (31.0)

1.26 (1.08–1.48)

0.003

  First hospitalization for any cause

317 (34.1)

482 (43.3)

130 (36.6)

1.30 (1.13–1.49)

<0.001

  Recurrence of heart failure

228 (24.8)

304 (27.3)

99 (27.9)

1.15 (0.98–1.36)

0.086

Other related outcomes—no. (%)

  New onset of stroke

12 (1.3)

23 (2.1)

5 (1.4)

1.41 (0.72–2.78)

0.320

  Improvement in NYHA class

505 (55.0)

557 (50.1)

170 (47.9)

1.22 (1.03–1.45)

0.021

  1. NYHA New York Heart Association
  2. aHR, hazard ratios and P value were calculated with the use of stratified Cox proportional hazard models adjusting with gender, age, and history of hypertension
  3. bImprovement in heart function was analyzed as a binary outcome with the use of logistic regression model to calculate the odds ratio and P value