Fig. 4: Structure of the proximal zone and its structural continuity with the intermediate and distal zones.

a A schematic illustrating the location of the trapezoid-shaped proximal zone with respect to the rest of the flagellum. b, c Cross-section density slice (10 nm thickness) from a single tomogram (b) and the surface view of the same region after sub-tomographic averaging displayed at a low-density threshold (c). The connecting densities of the intermediate zone (arrows in b) contact wires of the distal zone. d–g Cross-section (d), side (e), top (f), and bottom (g) surface views of the trapezoid-shaped proximal zone after sub-tomographic averaging. The four density layers distinguishable by gaps are colored differently. Viewing angles are shown in a. h–j Top views of the light purple (h) and green (i) proximal zone layers, alongside the same view of the distal zone (j), highlighting the contiguous 36 by 40 nm lattice pattern (red) in all three.