Table 1 Summary of positive clinical cases.

From: Genetic deconvolution of fetal and maternal cell-free DNA in maternal plasma enables next-generation non-invasive prenatal screening

Subject

Gestation age (weeks)

Maternal age (years)

Prenatal finding

Fetal fraction (%)

Screening results

Confirmation study and pregnancy outcome

P1

27.6

42

Abnormal heart development and pleural effusion

6.2

T21

Confirmed by invasive testing

P2

18.7

26

Serum screening high risk

6.5

T21

Confirmed by invasive testing

P3

19.1

35

NT: 3.9 mm

6.9

T21

Confirmed by invasive testing, elective abortion

P4

18.6

37

No ultrasound abnormality

13.0

T21

Confirmed by invasive testing, elective abortion

P5

15.6

33

NT: 4.8 mm, absent nasal bone

10.3

T21

Confirmed by invasive testing

P6

19.3

28

NT: 2.6 mm

13.3

T21

Confirmed by invasive testing, elective abortion

P7

14.9

35

No ultrasound abnormality

8.9

T21

Confirmed by invasive testing

P8

19.3

38

No ultrasound abnormality

8.5

T21

Confirmed by invasive testing

P9

22.4

26

No ultrasound abnormality

9.5

T21

Confirmed by invasive testing, elective abortion

P10

18.1

39

No ultrasound abnormality

11.9

T21

Confirmed by invasive testing, elective abortion

P11

21.1

31

Serum screening high risk

19.3

T21

Confirmed by invasive testing

P12

21.4

38

No ultrasound abnormality

15.3

T21

Confirmed by invasive testing, elective abortion

P13

18.4

38

No ultrasound abnormality

19.2

T21

Confirmed by invasive testing, elective abortion

P14

17.6

39

No ultrasound abnormality

10.4

T21

Confirmed by invasive testing, elective abortion

P15

14.6

28

NT: 4.0 mm

8.3

T21

Confirmed by invasive testing, elective abortion

P16

15.0

27

NT: 3.7 mm

9.1

T21

Confirmed by invasive testing, elective abortion

P17

27.7

27

Abnormal fetal heart development, right heart dominance, mild tricuspid regurgitation, and pericardial effusion

18.8

T21

Confirmed by invasive testing

P18

20.6

28

NT: 2.8 mm

12.3

T21

Confirmed by invasive testing

P19

19.4

27

Serum screening high risk

14.7

T21

Confirmed by invasive testing

P20

16.9

41

No ultrasound abnormality

16.4

T21

Confirmed by invasive testing, elective abortion

P21

15.3

38

No ultrasound abnormality

11.4

T21

Confirmed by invasive testing

P22

13.0

40

NT: 5.8 mm

9.6

T21

Confirmed by invasive testing, elective abortion

P23

19.1

45

Advanced maternal age

15.6

T21

Confirmed by invasive testing, elective abortion

P24

23.3

31

Suspected atrioventricular septal defect with moderate atrioventricular valve regurgitation

18.0

T21

Confirmed by invasive testing

P25

19.3

23

Serum screening high risk

13.4

T21

Confirmed by invasive testing

P26

19.9

26

No ultrasound abnormality

7.5

T21

Confirmed by invasive testing

P27

18.0

36

No ultrasound abnormality

13.7

T21

Confirmed by invasive testing

P28

13.0

37

No ultrasound abnormality

17.0

T21

Confirmed by invasive testing

P29

18.0

37

No ultrasound abnormality

7.6

T21

Confirmed by invasive testing

P30

16.3

38

Advanced maternal age

12.7

T21

Confirmed by invasive testing

P31

21.0

40

No ultrasound abnormality

6.2

T21

Confirmed by invasive testing

P32

14.4

38

No ultrasound abnormality

12.5

T21

Confirmed by invasive testing

P33

24.1

33

No ultrasound abnormality

14.7

T21

Confirmed by invasive testing

P34

13.7

39

No ultrasound abnormality

8.7

T21

Confirmed by invasive testing

P35

22.0

31

No ultrasound abnormality

10.2

T21

Confirmed by invasive testing

P36

13.1

37

No ultrasound abnormality

7.7

T21

Confirmed by invasive testing

P37

12.9

33

NT: 5.2 mm

7.6

T21

Confirmed by invasive testing

P38

23.0

31

No ultrasound abnormality

4.1

T21

Confirmed by invasive testing

P39

17.4

41

No ultrasound abnormality

5.2

T18

Confirmed by invasive testing, elective abortion

P40

14.1

38

NT: 4.9 mm

8.1

T18

Confirmed by invasive testing, elective abortion

P41

18.4

35

No ultrasound abnormality

12.3

T18

Confirmed by invasive testing, elective abortion

P42

18.4

36

No ultrasound abnormality

8.3

T18

Confirmed by invasive testing

P43

20.0

38

No ultrasound abnormality

4.6

T18

Confirmed by invasive testing

P44

13.3

33

NT: 6.5 mm, fetal chest subcutaneous edema

5.3

T18

Confirmed by invasive testing

P45

15.1

33

NT: 3.24 mm

5.5

T18

Confirmed by invasive testing

P46

16.3

37

No ultrasound abnormality

5.9

T18

Confirmed by invasive testing

P47

18.0

25

Growth restriction and umbilical hernia

6.2

T18

Confirmed by invasive testing

P48

15.9

36

No ultrasound abnormality

8.0

T18

Confirmed by invasive testing

P49

19.1

40

Advanced paternal age

8.9

T13

Confirmed by invasive testing

P50

13.9

41

NT: 3.4 mm

5.4

T13

Confirmed by invasive testing, elective abortion

P51

18.1

29

NT: 3.8 mm

9.7

T13

Confirmed by invasive testing

P52

22.0

31

Unclear fetal transparent, upper lip malformation, and heart asymmetry

10.0

T13

Confirmed by invasive testing

P53

18.0

27

NT: 3.0 mm

7.9

T13

Confirmed by invasive testing

P54

13.3

37

NT: 4.4 mm, the inner diameter of the aorta significantly smaller than the pulmonary artery

5.7

T13

Confirmed by invasive testing

P55

23.9

22

Tetralogy of Fallot, persistent left superior vena cava, and unclear display of arterial duct

8.6

22q11.2 deletion

Confirmed by invasive testing, elective abortion

P56

18.4

37

Suspected ventricular septal defect

11.6

22q11.2 deletion

Confirmed by invasive testing, liveborn

P57

18.9

38

No ultrasound abnormality

8.3

22q11.2 deletion

Confirmed by invasive testing, elective abortion

P58

25.0

28

Large foramen ovale

8.5

22q11.2 deletion

Confirmed by invasive testing

P59

23.6

29

Absence of echo in right hemisphere of cerebellum

11.3

15q11.2q12.3 duplication

Confirmed by invasive testing

P60

23.7

36

Heart axis deviating to the left

19.4

4p16.3p14 duplication

Confirmed by invasive testing, elective abortion

P61

19.1

41

No ultrasound abnormality

4.3

15q11.2q13.1 deletion

Confirmed by invasive testing, elective abortion

P62

27.0

32

Lower fetal abdominal bowel echo enhancement

20.0

15q11.2q13.1 deletion

Confirmed by invasive testing

P63

26.3

38

Thickened pulmonary valve with increased pulmonary flow velocity, mild pulmonary valve stenosis, and mild tricuspid regurgitation

15.8

PTPN11: c.1502 G > A, variant fraction: 8.6%, Noonan spectrum disorder

Confirmed by invasive testing

P64

31.0

31

Increased head circumference equivalent, lower limb malformation, and enlarged left renal pelvis

30.9

SOS1: c.1294T > C, variant fraction: 15.8%, Noonan spectrum disorder

Confirmed by invasive testing

P65

28.1

38

Short femur length

17.0

FGFR3: c.1138G > A, variant fraction: 7.0%, achondroplasia

Confirmed by invasive testing

P66

16.4

34

Low ossification of the skull, narrow thoracic cavity, short, long bones, and abnormal limbs

14.3

COL1A1: c.4332delC, variant fraction: 6.5%, osteogenesis imperfecta

Confirmed by invasive testing

P67

26.0

30

NT: 0.9 mm, femur length ~3 weeks behind gestation age

14.7

FGFR3: c.1138G > A, variant fraction: 8.0%, achondroplasia

Confirmed by invasive testing

P68

13.0

32

Micrognathia and abnormal heart

15.1

COL2A1: c.1597 C > T, variant fraction: 8%, type II collagen disorder

Confirmed by invasive testing

P69

24.6

31

Abnormal skull and bilateral fingers and toes

15.6

FGFR2: c.755 C > G, variant fraction: 8.3%, Apert syndrome

Confirmed by invasive testing

P70

28.6

27

Short and curved femur

14.1

COL1A2: c.3106 G > C, variant fraction: 9.1%, osteogenesis imperfecta

Confirmed by invasive testing

  1. NT Nuchal translucency, T21 trisomy 21, T18 trisomy 18, T13 trisomy 13.