Fig. 3: Human SERPINA3 overexpression in mouse NPCs induces cortical folding with expanded cortical lamination.

a IF for CUX1 in P0 cKI^f/+ brain section. Dashed square shows the curved cortex regions which were enlarged in the right side. Images 1, 2 and 3 are high-magnification images. Dashed white lines show the boundary of CUX1⁺ layer. Arrows indicate gyrification structures. Scale bars, 200 μm (left), 100 μm (right). b IF for TBR1, CTIP2 and SATB2 in P0 WT and cKI^f/+ neocortex. The dashed white line and arrow show the thickness of positive layers. Scale bar, 50 μm. c Quantification for the GI of the cortex at P0 (WT n = 4; cKI^f/+ n = 7). d Quantification for the CUX1⁺ cell number in 100 µm-wide field of cortex at P0 (WT n = 3; cKI^f/+ n = 4). e Quantification for the TBR1⁺ cell number in 100 µm-wide field of cortex at P0 (WT n = 4; cKI^f/+ n = 6). Quantification for the CTIP2⁺ cell number in 100µm-wide field of cortex at P0 (WT n = 4; cKI^f/+ n = 5). Quantification for the SATB2⁺ cell number in 100 µm-wide field of cortex at P0 (WT n = 4; cKI^f/+ n = 5). f Protein levels of neuron markers (SATB2, TBR1, TUJ1, and NEUN) in cortex of P0 WT and cKI^f/+ were measured by western blotting. β-actin was detected as a loading control. g Quantification for the protein level of SATB2, TBR1, TUJ1, and NEUN in WT and cKI^f/+ cortex (n = 4, 4, 6, and 3). h Staining for DAPI in P3 WT and cKI^f/+ mice. Asterisks indicate gyrus and arrows indicate sulcus structures. White squares show the curved cortex region which were enlarged. Images 1 and 2 (DAPI) are high-magnification images. Scale bars, 500 μm (left) and 100 μm (right). Two-tail unpaired t-test is used to analyze the data. n.s. no significant difference; P < 0.05 (*), P < 0.01 (**), P < 0.001 (***).