Table 1 Highlights of clinical relevance and proteogenomic hallmarks for MTC subtypes.
From: Integrated proteogenomic characterization of medullary thyroid carcinoma
Subtype | Metabolic | Basal | Mesenchymal |
|---|---|---|---|
Heredity | Hereditary MTC: 30.3% | Hereditary MTC: 30.6% | Hereditary MTC: 12.1% |
Prognostic relevance | Intermediate TNM staging and prognosis between the other two subtypes | Earlier TNM staging; Better prognosis | Heavier burden of lymph node metastasis; More advanced TNM staging; Poorer prognosis |
Driver mutation | RET (all variants, 60.6%) Higher prevalence of RAS mutation | RET (all variants, 83.3%) Intermediate prevalence of RAS or RETM918T mutation | RET (all variants, 81.8%) Higher prevalence of RETM918T mutation |
SCNA | Highest level of chromosomal instability; Enrichment of CNV losses/deletions in DDR genes | Relatively stable genome | Median |
Global DNA methylation level | Relatively lower | Median | Relatively higher |
Proteogenomic signature | Activated MAPK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways; Enhanced cell cycle signaling; Higher HRD score | Higher degree of neuroendocrine differentiation | Activated STAT3 signaling; Upregulated targets of multiple approved or investigational TKIs |
