Fig. 4: SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cell response. | Cell Discovery

Fig. 4: SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cell response.

From: COVID-19 vaccination boosts the potency and breadth of the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 among recovered patients in Wuhan

Fig. 4: SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cell response.The alt text for this image may have been generated using AI.

a Schematic diagram depicting the CD4+ T-cell AIM assay. b The percentage of AIM+ (CD137+ and OX40+) CD4+ T cells was detected after stimulation with the SARS-CoV-2 peptide pool for 24 h. Ten samples in the hybrid-immunity group without stimulation from the peptide pool were chosen as negative controls. Seventy-five recovered patients in the hybrid-immunity group with different RBD-IgG titers and immunization schedules were selected for CD4+ T-cell analysis. Each dot represents an individual. Lines denote the median and quartile. c Pairwise comparison of the expression of the surface markers CD38, HLA-DR, PD-1 and CTLA-4 and the proliferation marker Ki67 in AIM+ CD4+ T cells or AIM– (OX40–CD137–) CD4+ T cells. Statistical significance was determined using the paired t-test. d The percentage of SARS-CoV-2-specific mCD4+ T cells (secreting IL-4, TNF-α or IFN-γ) detected after stimulation by the SARS-CoV-2 peptide pool in the hybrid-immunity group individuals with one, two or three doses of vaccination at 1–6 months post vaccination. e Comparison of the percentages of different mCD4+ cell subsets (IL-4+, IFN-γ+, and TNF-α+) from the infection-only and hybrid-immunity groups at 1–6 months or 7–12 months post vaccination. Statistical significance was analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test in b, d, and e. Only groups with significant differences are marked in b. MPV, months post vaccination; AIM, activation-induced marker; ICS, intracellular cytokine staining.

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