Fig. 1: scRNA-seq analysis identifies distinct neutrophil subsets with sex-specific heterogeneity.

a Schematic representation of the experimental design for scRNA-seq analysis of neutrophils from female HCs (n = 8) and male HCs (n = 8). b UMAP visualization of 5341 neutrophils from female and male HCs. c Upper panel: UMAP visualization of human neutrophils; lower panel: bar plot of the proportions of different neutrophil subsets shown in female HCs and male HCs. d Heatmap showing the expression of selected cluster marker genes. e GSEA identifying the properties of 5 neutrophil subsets. f Dotplot heatmap showing GO biological process terms enriched in cluster marker genes. g Volcano plot showing the DEGs of neutrophils between female and male HCs. h GO analysis of the DEGs of neutrophils. i, j Left panel: Circos plots of inter-cellular communication among different neutrophil subsets from female and male HCs; right panel: heatmap showing the scores of different L-R pairs between neutrophil subsets. n refers to the number of each group.