Fig. 6: ScRNA-seq analysis unveiled potential regulatory networks and mechanisms underlying ovarian function restoration after M-cell transplantation.

a Uniform manifold approximation and projection embedding visualization for 26,862 single cells from cynomolgus monkey ovarian tissues. b Visualized expression patterns of different cell type-specific genes. The color bar from blue to red indicated the relative expression levels from low to high. c Stacked area plot showed the fraction of major ovarian cell populations in all cynomolgus monkeys. Control group: after 4-month (C-4 m) and 16-month (C-16 m) saline injection; Treated group: after 4-month (T-4 m), 16-month (T-16 m), and 25-month (T-25 m) M-cell transplantation. d GO enrichment analysis of DEGs in granulosa cells of all groups. The color bar from blue to red indicated the P-value from low to high. Dot sizes indicated the gene counts in the corresponding GO item. e GO enrichment analysis of DEGs in stromal cells of all groups. The color bar from blue to red indicated the P-value from low to high. Dot sizes indicated the gene counts in the corresponding GO item. f Left panel: Heatmap showed regulon activity scores of the representative transcriptional regulons in granulosa cells of control and treated groups. Regulon activity scores were calculated by pySCENIC and were scaled for visualization. The color bar indicated the strength of regulon activity, with “High” (red) indicating active regulons and “Low” (blue) indicating inactive regulons. Right panel: Display of binding motifs of certain transcription factors. g, h The representative regulatory network in GCs (g) and SCs (h) of control and treated groups was identified using pySCENIC. Key transcriptional regulons were denoted as large colored circles, and corresponding target genes were denoted as small colored circles. The node size indicated the number of target genes, and the line thickness indicated the weight of the target regulon. The genes marked in red are implicated in alleviating ovarian aging.