Fig. 1: CKAP4 is highly associated with elevated cell compaction in bladder and lung cancers.

a Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining of the bladder (top) or lung (bottom) normal tissues (NT, left), nonmetastatic tumor tissue (TM⁻, middle), and metastatic tumor tissue (TM⁺, right). Inset images showed enlarged details of the indicated areas. Scale bars, 100 μm. b Relative cell compactness of tissues in a, which was quantified by local cell density. c Quantification of compactness in the normal and tumor tissues. The top panel was data from BLCA, and the bottom was from LUAD. d IHC staining of CKAP4 in NT, TM⁻, TM⁺ tissues of BLCA and LUAD. CKAP4 was shown in brown. Scale bars, 100 μm. e Quantification of relative cell compactness in NT, TM⁻, and TM⁺ tissues of BLCA (top) and LUAD (bottom). f Quantification of relative CKAP4 expression in NT, TM⁻, and TM⁺ tissues of BLCA (top) and LUAD (bottom). g Association of CKAP4 expression and compactness in tumor tissues of BLCA (top) and LUAD (bottom) was evaluated by simple linear regression. h CKAP4 level of BLCA patients in early stage (E.) and advanced stage (Ad.). i Survival of BLCA patients in IMvigor210 cohort, as stratified by CKAP4 level. P-value was calculated by log-rank test. j CKAP4 level of LUAD patients in early stage (E.) and advanced stage (Ad.). k Survival of LUAD patients in TCGA database, stratified by CKAP4 level. P-value was calculated by log-rank test. In c, e, f, h, j, data were shown as mean ± SD and the P-values were calculated by Student’s t-test.