Fig. 1: Maternal hyperandrogenism leads to inter- and transgenerational glucose metabolic disturbances in male offspring at early-life stages. | Cell Discovery

Fig. 1: Maternal hyperandrogenism leads to inter- and transgenerational glucose metabolic disturbances in male offspring at early-life stages.

From: Transgenerational inheritance of diabetes susceptibility in male offspring with maternal androgen exposure

Fig. 1: Maternal hyperandrogenism leads to inter- and transgenerational glucose metabolic disturbances in male offspring at early-life stages.The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

a The cohort of sons born to women with hyperandrogenism (n = 561) and without hyperandrogenism (n = 1122) with the ages of 2 to 12 years old. b, c The levels of HOMA-β (b) and BMI (c) in sons born to control mothers and sons born to hyperandrogenic mothers. d Schematic illustration of mouse experimental design and offspring breeding from control (Ctrl) and AE groups. e Fed blood glucose levels in F1‒F4 male offspring at 8 weeks of age. Ctrl (F1: n = 8; F2: n = 14; F3: n = 7; F4: n = 9); AE (F1: n = 13; F2: n = 12; F3: n = 8; F4: n = 13). f IPGTT of F1‒F4 male offspring at 8 weeks of age and the corresponding AUC of glucose levels. Ctrl (F1: n = 8; F2: n = 5; F3: n = 11; F4: n = 8); AE (F1: n = 9; F2: n = 5; F3: n = 10; F4: n = 8). Data are presented as mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ns, non-significant. Significance is assessed by two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test.

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