Fig. 5: Identification of the exosome-derived miR-24-3p and S100A8 interaction as a key factor in the CP diagnostic classifier and of neutrophils as resources for exosomal S100A8 in CP.

a Overview of the filtering strategy. b The screened miRNA (mir-24-3p)–mRNA interaction network. c The expression of miR-24-3p in each COCA subtype and normal samples. d S100A8 expression in each COCA subtype and normal samples. e Schematic diagram of the CP mouse model construction, single-cell data processing, and estimation of exosome secretion activity using the sEVtrans algorithm. f Left: UMAP plot of all cell types and identified exosomes (sEVs) in the single-cell sequencing data. Right: proportion of exosomes from the CP group and NC group. g UMAP plot showing the exosome secretion activity index (ESAI) value distributions among different cells. h Violin plot showing the ESAI distributions in different cell types. ****P < 0.0001. i Violin plot showing the expression of S100A8 in different cell types. j Representative images of Ly6G, F4/80 and S100A8 immunofluorescence in the mouse CP model. k Schematic diagram of the CP mouse model constructed with intraperitoneal injection of a neutrophil depletion antibody (anti-Ly6g) compared with that generated by isotype injection. l Representative flow cytometry image after establishment of the CP model compared with that after mock establishment via isotype injection. m Neutrophil counts in CD45⁺ blood cells in CP mice after model establishment compared with mock establishment. n mRNA expression of exosomal S100A8 in the CP mice after model establishment compared with mock establishment.