Fig. 1: Patient flow diagram for LungMate-005.

The flow diagram for patients screening, enrolment, receiving immunochemotherapy, receiving surgery (yellow) or radiotherapy, withdrawing consent, and exiting. Reasons for the need to receive extensive resection: (1) Patient 1: pneumectomy was needed due to a tumour adjacent to the left main pulmonary artery. (2) Patient 2: the tumour was located across the pulmonary fissure and invaded both the right upper lobe and right lower lobe. Reasons for not receiving surgery: (1) A patient who suffered from pulmonary arterial hypertension. (2) A patient who had a migratory pulmonary infection or a highly suspected fungal infection. (3) The patient had bulky lymph node (N2) involvement. The diameter of group 4 lymph node was largely decreased after four cycles of induction therapy. But the group 4 lymph node was still pathology confirmed positive after four cycles of induction therapy. (4) The tumour subsided but cancerous lymphangitis developed in one patient after induction therapy. (5) The metastatic lymph nodes of the two patients surrounded blood vessels, which were difficult to separate and inoperable.