Fig. 5: OsVIRK1 is required for CP-triggered defense gene expression.

a Numbers of DEGs in CP-treated WT and osvirk1-1 rice protoplasts shown as a Venn diagram. b The most enriched GO terms in the DEGs from CP-treated WT. c The most enriched GO terms in the DEGs from CP-treated osvirk1-1. d Heatmap of up- and downregulated DEGs from CP-treated WT and osvirk1-1 rice protoplasts. e Heatmap of expression fold changes of defense-related DEGs from CP-treated WT and osvirk1-1 rice protoplasts. In a–d, CP or the empty vector (EV) was transfected into WT and osvirk1-1 rice protoplasts, and whole-genome mRNA transcriptome analysis was performed to compare gene expression and function. f–h RT-qPCR analysis of the expression of three genes upregulated by RSV infection in the WT and osvirk1-1 mutant inoculated for 20 days with Mock or RSV. Values are means ± SD of three biological replicates. *P < 0.05, ****P < 0.0001, ns not significant, two-way ANOVA.