Fig. 4

lFVII-triggered hydrolysis of E. coli F583 lipid A. a, b lFVII-triggered lipid A hydrolysis detected by ESI-MS. lFVII in buffer (150 µg/mL) (top); lipid A in buffer (700 µg/mL) (middle); lipid A (700 µg/mL) incubated with lFVII (150 µg/mL) in buffer (bottom). c–h Structures of E. coli F583 lipid A (c) and the lipid A hydrolysates produced after lFVII treatment (d–h)