Fig. 1: EVs containing activated STING induce IFNβ expression in recipient cells.

a Western blot analysis of EVPs isolated from HeLa, HCT116, and B16F10 cells treated with or without 10 µM diABZI, 1 µM cGAMP, or 50 µg/mL DMXAA for 48 h. b Density gradient fractionation of EVPs derived from HeLa cells treated with or without diABZI. After flotation of the sample in high-resolution iodixanol gradients, equal volumes of each fraction were loaded on SDS-PAGE gels, and membranes were blotted with the indicated antibodies. NV, non-vesicular. c, d THP-1 cells were collected after 24-h exposure to EVPs that were derived from wild-type and STING−/− HeLa cells treated with or without diABZI (c) and cGAMP (d), respectively. The mRNA level of IFNβ was then quantified. P values were calculated by Student’s t-test. e Western blot analysis of the WCL and the corresponding isolated EVPs derived from wild-type HeLa cells or HeLa cells expressing STINGV155M/WT.