Fig. 1: GLO2 is downregulated after immune activation in immune cells.

a RNA-seq data profiling of metabolic enzymes in mouse macrophages stimulated by Sendai virus (SeV) (12 h, MOI = 1) or LPS (6 h, 100 ng/mL). The untreated control group (Medium) is set to a value of 1. b, c Q-PCR (b) and Immunoblotting (c) analysis of indicated gene expression in BMDMs infected by VSV (MOI = 1) or LPS for indicated time points. Unless noted otherwise, all results in this and other figures were representative of at least three independent experiments. Q-PCR data are normalized to hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) levels, and the medium group is set to a value of 1. Unless noted otherwise, the error bars in this and all other panels denote SD. d, e scRNA-seq analysis of GLO2 levels in different immune cells from human PBMCs infected by influenza A virus (GSE243629) (d) or stimulated by LPS (GSE226488) (e). f Q-PCR and immunoblot analysis of indicated gene expression in BMDMs stimulated as indicated. HKCA heat-killed preparation of Candida albicans, MitoPQ MitoParaquat. g Q-PCR and immunoblot analysis of indicated gene expression in CD3⁺ T cells separated from human PBMCs and then stimulated by anti-CD3/CD28 beads for indicated time points. h GLO2 levels in the expression profiling data of leukocytes from 124 patients with mild or severe COVID-19 (GSE221234). i GLO2 levels in leukocytes from patients with different sepsis endotypes in COVID-19. ADA Adaptive, IFN Interferon, IHD Innate-Host-Defense, INF Inflammatory, NPS Neutrophilic-Suppressive.