Fig. 3

Effects of lipid metabolism on mitochondria in tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells. This figure shows how lipid metabolism impacts mitochondrial function in tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells through various mechanisms. A Lipid accumulation. Tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells upregulate CD36 and LDLR to increase lipid uptake. Increased ACC activity leads to the formation of lipid droplets, whereas increased ACADVL expression reduces the levels of LCFAs and VLCFAs, decreasing lipotoxicity. B Shifts in energy metabolism. The IL-9/STAT3/CPT1 axis shifts energy metabolism in tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells from glycolysis/OXPHOS to FAO, increasing cytotoxicity. PPARα agonists activate PPARα to increase FAO. C Disruptions in mitochondrial dynamics. Akt inhibits PGC-1α, suppressing mitochondrial biogenesis. Increased MERCs in tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells promote memory T-cell formation. D Increased ROS production and cell death. Nrf2 or SOD2 inhibits ROS production, reducing lipid peroxidation, apoptosis, and ferroptosis in tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells