Fig. 8: Macrophages prevent ILC2 exhaustion. | Cellular & Molecular Immunology

Fig. 8: Macrophages prevent ILC2 exhaustion.

From: Macrophages regulate PD-1 and CTLA-4 expression on ILC2s and their responsiveness in the tumor microenvironment

Fig. 8

A Experimental design (created in BioRender): ILC2s were cultured alone (ILC2s) or cocultured with MoM (ILC2 coculture), and the indicated analyses were performed immediately and/or after stimulation with IL-25 + IL-33. B–D tSNE (t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding) and FlowSOM were run on concatenated ILC2 and ILC2+MoM fcs files on the basis of CTLA-4, PD-1, KLRG1 and TIM-3 expression analyzed by flow cytometry after coculture. T-SNE overlays with samples (B) and with the populations identified by FlowSOM (D), and the FlowSOM heatmap (C) are shown. The scale bar in (C) indicates the scaled mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) from the minimum (blue) to the maximum (red). E Seahorse analysis of the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) was performed on ILC2s immediately after coculture (purple dots) and after stimulation with IL-25 and IL-33 (green dots). F Concentrations of cytokines released by ILC2s stimulated with IL-25 and IL-33 for 3 days in the supernatant after coculture. The data are shown as the means +/− SDs of 2 (E) and at least 5 (F) independent experiments. A t test was performed; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ****p < 0.001

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