Fig. 9

NAIP-NLRC4 inflammasome. The NAIP–NLRC4 inflammasome is activated by bacterial flagellin and components of the type III secretion system (T3SS). In mice, distinct NAIP proteins recognize flagellin, needle, and rod proteins, whereas in humans, a single NAIP protein detects all these ligands. Phosphorylation of NLRC4 by the protein kinase PKCδ and leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) promotes NAIP–NLRC4 complex formation and the recruitment of caspase-1, with or without ASC, to assemble the inflammasome